Evaluation of unilateral corneal collagen cross-linking on fellow untreated eyes of patients with keratoconus / A avaliação da reticulação unilateral do colágeno corneano em olhos não tratados de pacientes com ceratocone

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of unilateral corneal collagen cross-linking treatment on visual acuity and the topographic findings of the fellow untreated eye of patients who had bilateral progressive keratoconus. Methods: Patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent cross-linking treatment were screened retrospectively. A total of 188 untreated eyes of 188 patients whose eyes were treated unilaterally with either standard or accelerated cross-linking and refused cross-linking procedure for the fellow eye were included. Visual acuity and topographic findings of the fellow untreated eyes were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 24th, 30th, and 36th months. Results: The change over time of variables examined was similar in the untreated eyes of patients who received standard and accelerated cross-linking methods (p>0.05). At the 12th month, 136 (95.8%) untreated eyes were stable according to progression criteria. Only 4 (8%) eyes were progressive at the 24th month. No progression was observed in any of the 16 patients with a 36-month follow up. Conclusions: The results showed that the fellow untreated eyes of patients with bilateral progressive keratoconus did not have significant progression rates after unilateral cross-linking treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar os efeitos do tratamento de reticulação unilateral do colágeno corneano na acuidade visual e os achados topográficos em olhos não tratados de pacientes com ceratocone progressivo bilateral. Métodos: Foram rastreados retrospectivamente pacientes com ceratocone progressivo submetidos a tratamento de reticulação. Foram incluídos no estudo 188 olhos não tratados de 188 pacientes tratado unilateralmente com reticulação padrão ou acelerada e que recusaram o procedimento de reticulação no outro olho. A acuidade visual e os achados topográficos dos olhos não tratados foram obtidos no pré- e pós-operatório no 1º, 3º, 6º, 12º, 24º, 30º e 36º mês. Resultados: As alterações ao longo do tempo foram semelhantes para as variáveis examinadas nos olhos não tratados de pacientes tratados com métodos de reticulação padrão e acelerado (p>0,05). No 12º mês, 136 olhos não tratados (95,8%) estavam estáveis, de acordo com os critérios de progressão. Apenas quatro olhos (8%) mostraram progressão no 24º mês. Nenhuma progressão foi observada nos 16 pacientes que tiveram um acompanhamento de 36 meses. Conclusões: O estudo mostrou que os olhos não tratados de pacientes com ceratocone progressivo bilateral não apresentaram taxas de progressão significativas após o tratamento unilateral com reticulação.

Combination of phototherapy for treatment of labial necrotizing lesion: case report

Lip necrotizing lesions are painful, complex to heal, and negatively impact the patient's orofacial condition. The present study reports a clinical case of a necrotizing lesion on the lower lip in a 38-year-old male patient, previously healthy, five days after receiving the first dose of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine, with an initial diagnosis of labial herpes zoster, with secondary infection and unsatisfactory response to clinical treatment. After debridement of the necrotic tissue, followed by a combination of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and hydrofiber dressing with silver, the patient evolved with complete healing of the lip lesion and satisfactory restoration of orofacial functions after 7 days. According to the present case report, this combination of phototherapy modalities suggests to be a promising tool for the treatment of necrotizing labial lesions.

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of curcumin and methylene blue associated with laser on bacterial and fungal strains

Objective:To analyze the effect of methylene blue and 10% curcumin in fungi and bacteria through an in vitrostudy using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods:Curcumin and methylene blue were photosensitized by a Photon Lase III laser applied for 90 s in a dark environment within a laminar flow chamber. Enterococcus faecalisand Candida albicans strains were cultured and standardized.Then, a minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) assay was conducted for these photosensitizers, with concentration variations and incubation to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Results:With PDT, Curcumin had significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC = 250 µg/mL).In contrast, methylene blue had antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC < 12.5 µg/mL with PDT) and antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC <12.5 µg/mL with or without PDT).Both agents showed greater efficacy in the presence of the laser.The results suggest that curcumin and methylene blue associated with laser may effectively treat microbial infections. Conclusion:Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using these agents in animal and human models and theireffectiveness against different bacterial and fungal strains.

Irrigants and irrigation activation systems in Endodontics

Abstract Root canal infections are typically polymicrobial and involve strong bacterial interactions. The goal of endodontic treatment is to remove infected content from the root canal system to allow the healing of a pre-existing periapical lesion or to prevent infection of the periradicular tissues. Instrumentation alone is not capable of touching all of the root canal walls. Therefore, the irrigation process is an essential step in the endodontic treatment. However, due to the complex anatomy of the root canal system, this cleaning is very challenging. Although syringe and needle irrigation associated with the use of chemical substances is still the most used method, it does not guarantee optimal cleaning of the root canals. As a result, not only alternative irrigating substances but also numerous activation systems - which are technologies that aim to optimize the action of irrigating substances, both chemically and physically - have been developed. This work aimed to review the characteristics of both classic and current alternatives of irrigating substances and irrigation activation systems.

Resumo As infecções dos canais radiculares são tipicamente polimicrobianas e envolvem fortes interações bacterianas. O objetivo do tratamento endodôntico é remover o conteúdo infeccioso do sistema de canais radiculares, a fim de permitir a cicatrização de uma lesão periapical pré-existente ou prevenir a infecção dos tecidos perirradiculares. A instrumentação por si só não é capaz de tocar todas as paredes dos canais radiculares, desta forma a irrigação é uma etapa essencial no tratamento endodôntico. No entanto, devido à complexa anatomia do sistema de canais radiculares, essa limpeza é muito desafiadora. Embora a irrigação convencional com seringa e agulha, fazendo o uso de substâncias auxiliares seja o método mais utilizado, ela não garante a limpeza ideal dos canais radiculares. Como resultado, foram desenvolvidos inúmeros sistemas de ativação que visam otimizar a ação das substâncias irrigadoras, tanto química quanto fisicamente. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisar as características das substâncias irrigadoras (clássicas e alternativas) e dos sistemas de ativação destas substâncias.

Evaluation of the effect of Matricaria recutita monotherapy or in combination with photodynamic therapy on tissue repair in the dorsum of the tongue of rats*

Abstract The search for treatments that accelerate the healing of lesions is of constant interest. Matricaria recutita (chamomile) is a plant with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties, and antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) eradicates microorganisms, which favors tissue repair. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the topical use of chamomile with or without aPDT on tissue repair in rats' tongues. Methodology A total of 75 male Wistar rats underwent standardized ulceration on the dorsum of the tongue using a punch of 5 mm diameter and were randomly allocated into the following groups: control (G1), chamomile fluid extract (G2), chamomile infusion (G3), aPDT (G4), and chamomile infusion + aPDT (G5). On the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days postoperatively, euthanasia was performed, and the ulcers were measured using calipers. The presence of edema, inflammatory infiltrate, cellularity, re-epithelialization, and characterization of total collagen were evaluated using sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Red Sirius. Histomorphometry analyses of the percentage of total collagen, the distance from the basal layer to the epithelial surface, and the thickness of the stratum corneum were performed. Descriptive (absolute/relative frequencies and modes) and exploratory analyses were performed. The associations between the groups and the presence of ulcers were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. All analyses were performed using the R program and statistical significance was set at p=0.05. Results The G2 positively modulated the exudative and proliferative phases of repair, both clinically (p<0.0001) and histologically, whether in descriptive or inferential analyses (p<0.05). The G3 showed a significant difference in clinical parameters compared with G1 (p<0.0001). The G4 and G5 did not positively modulate tissue repair. Conclusion The chamomile fluid extract showed better outcomes for tissue repair in the rat tongue.

Láserterapia como coadyuvante del tratamiento de lesiones de furca grado II

Objetivo: evaluar la evidencia del láser como coadyuvante en el tratamiento quirúrgico de lesiones de furca grado II y reflejar la importancia clínica de los hallazgos para la toma de decisiones. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica manual, se consultaron las siguientes bases de datos: PORTAL TIMBO FOCO, PUBMED, BVS, SciELO y GOOGLE SCHOOLAR. Esta búsqueda fue restringida a los últimos 15 años y los artículos seleccionados están en inglés. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 105 artículosque abordan la temática y se completó la búsqueda con el rastreo y la lectura de la bibliografía referenciada en esos artículos. Conclusiones: El láser de baja potencia tanto para la bioestimulación así como su efecto anti-inflamatorio, solo ha mostrado hasta ahora resultados positivos a corto plazo como coadyuvante del tratamiento periodontal regenerativo en lesiones de furca grado II. Sin embargo, sus resultados a largo plazo no son claros debido a la debilidad metodológica y al número insuficente de estudios existentes. Por otro lado, la terapia fotodinámica podría ser una alternativa para el control de pérdida ósea en lesiones de furca causadas por periodontitis. Por lo tanto, hacen falta más estudios para dilucidar la acción del la terapia fotodinámica y de la fotobiomodulación coadyuvantes del tratamiento de las lesiones de furca.

Objetivo: avaliar a evidência do laser como adjuvante no tratamento cirúrgico das lesões de furca grau II e refletir a importância clínica dos achados para a tomada de decisão. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada busca bibliográfica manual, consultadas as seguintes bases de dados: PORTAL TIMBO FOCO, PUBMED, BVS, SciELO e GOOGLE SCHOOL. Esta busca foi restrita aos últimos 15 anos e os artigos selecionados estão no idioma inglês. Resultados: foram selecionados 105 artigos que abordam o assunto e a busca foi concluída por meio de busca e leitura da bibliografia referenciada nesses artigos. Conclusões: O laser de baixa potência, tanto para a bioestimulação como para o seu efeito anti-inflamatório, apenas apresentou resultados positivos a curto prazo como adjuvante do tratamento periodontal regenerativo em lesões de furca grau II. No entanto, seus resultados a longo prazo não são claros devido a deficiências metodológicas e número insuficiente de estudos existentes. Por outro lado, a terapia fotodinâmica pode ser uma alternativa para controlar a perda óssea em lesões de furca causadas por periodontite. Portanto, mais estudos são necessários para elucidar a ação da Terapia Fotodinâmica e da fotobiomodulação como adjuvantes no tratamento da lesões de furca.

Objective: to evaluate the evidence of the efficacy of the adjuvant use of laser in the surgical treatment of grade II furcation lesions and to demonstrate the clinical importance of the findings for decision making. Materials and methods: a manual bibliographic search was carried out where the following databases were consulted: PORTAL TIMBO FOCO, PUBMED, SciELO, BVS and GOOGLE SCHOOL. This search was restricted to the last 15 years and the selected articles are in English. Results: 105 articles that addressed the subject were selected and the search was completed by searching and reading the referenced bibliography in those articles. Conclusions: Low-power laser, both for biostimulation and as an anti-inflammatory has so far only shown positive short-term results as an adjunct to regenerative periodontal treatment in grade II furcation lesions. However, its long-term results are not clear due to methodological weaknesses and the insufficient number of existing studies. On the other hand, photodynamic therapy could be an alternative to control bone loss in furcation lesions caused by periodontitis. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the action of photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation as adjuvants in the treatment of furcation lesions.

Photodynamic therapy for infected foot ulcers in people with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Ulceration of the feet in patients with diabetes is a frequent complication that increases morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, treatment costs, and non-traumatic amputations. OBJECTIVE: To present a systematic review of the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and infected foot ulcers using photodynamic therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: A systematic review was performed in the postgraduate program in nursing at the Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Ceará, Brazil. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and LILACS databases were screened. The methodological quality, risk of bias, and quality of evidence of each study were assessed. Review Manager was used for the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Four studies were included. They highlighted significantly better outcomes in patient groups treated with photodynamic therapy than those in the control groups that were treated with topical collagenase and chloramphenicol (P = 0.036), absorbent (P < 0.001), or dry covers (P = 0.002). Significant improvements were noted in terms of the microbial load in the ulcers and tissue repair, with a reported reduction in the need for amputation by up to 35 times. Photodynamic therapy resulted in significantly better outcomes between the experimental and control groups (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Photodynamic therapy is significantly more effective in treating infected foot ulcers than standard therapies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) - CRD42020214187, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=214187.

Hypertrophic Lichen Planus in a 38-year-old Filipino male: A case report

@#Hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) is a papulosquamous eruption presenting with extremely pruritic hyperkeratotic flat-topped papules, plaques, and nodules. This is a case of 38-year-old male who presented with a 2-month history of generalized erythematous-to-hyperpigmented papules, patches, and plaques topped with white-to-gray oyster shell-like scales on a background of hyperpigmented macules and patches. There was no involvement of the conjunctival, otic, oral, and genital mucosae, and palmar and plantar aspects of the hands and feet. Dermoscopy showed reticular pearly white structures corresponding to the Wickham striae, comedo-like openings, blue-gray dots, brownish-black dots, and scales. Histopathologic examination revealed marked compact hyperkeratosis, wedge-shaped hypergranulosis, irregular saw-toothed epidermal acanthosis, scattered dyskeratotic keratinocytes, and superficial perivascular lichenoid infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and melanophages. The patient was managed as a case of HLP. He was started on methotrexate 10 mg per week, bath psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) three times a week, betamethasone valerate 1mg/g cream twice a day for 2 weeks alternating with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment twice a day for another 2 weeks, 10% lactic acid, emollients, and sunscreen. After 6 months of treatment, there was almost 80% improvement of lesions and relief of pruritus.

Photoelectric therapy for rosacea / 中华皮肤科杂志

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mostly occurring on the central face, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Currently, drug treatment is the first-line therapy for rosacea. In recent years, photoelectric therapy has showed a favorable therapeutic effect on rosacea by selective photothermolysis. This review summarizes latest advances in photoelectric therapy for rosacea.

Sialic acid-mediated photochemotherapy enhances infiltration of CD8+ T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes into tumors of immunosenescent mice

Immunoscenescence plays a key role in the initiation and development of tumors. Furthermore, immunoscenescence also impacts drug delivery and cancer therapeutic efficacy. To reduce the impact of immunosenescence on anti-tumor therapy, this experimental plan aimed to use neutrophils with tumor tropism properties to deliver sialic acid (SA)-modified liposomes into the tumor, kill tumor cells via SA-mediated photochemotherapy, enhance infiltration of neutrophils into the tumor, induce immunogenic death of tumor cells with chemotherapy, enhance infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor-draining lymph nodes and tumors of immunosenescent mice, and achieve SA-mediated photochemotherapy. We found that CD8+ T cell and neutrophil levels in 16-month-old mice were significantly lower than those in 2- and 8-month-old mice; 16-month-old mice exhibited immunosenescence. The anti-tumor efficacy of SA-mediated non-photochemotherapy declined in 16-month-old mice, and tumors recurred after scabbing. SA-mediated photochemotherapy enhanced tumor infiltration by CD8+ T cells and neutrophils, induced crusting and regression of tumors in 8-month-old mice, inhibited metastasis and recurrence of tumors and eliminated the immunosenescence-induced decline in antitumor therapeutic efficacy in 16-month-old mice via the light-heat-chemical-immunity conversion.

Uso da Curcuma longa associada à terapia fotodinâmica para o tratamento do Kerion Celsi / Photodynamic therapy with Curcuma longa for the treatment of Kerion celsi

O Kerion Celsi é uma forma inflamatória da tinea capitis, cujo principal agente etiológico é o Microsporum canis. O tratamento padrão-ouro é a griseofulvina, porém seu uso é aprovado pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA) em crianças a partir dos dois anos de idade. Apesar de rara em crianças com menos de três anos, a tinea capitis pode ocorrer, como é o caso desta criança de um ano de idade que foi submetida, com sucesso, à terapia fotodinâmica com curcumina e houve a remissão completa do quadro

Kerion Celsi is an inflammatory variant of tinea capitis and is usually caused by Microsporum canis. Griseofulvin is the gold standard treatment, but FDA approves its use only for children up to two years. Even though it is rare in children younger than three years, tinea capitis can still occur, as in the case of the one-year-old child who was successfully treated with photodynamic therapy combined with curcumin, resulting in total remission.

Laserterapia e tratamento medicamentoso tópico na onicomicose em pessoas com diabetes: série de casos* / Terapia láser y tratamiento con medicamento tópico para onicomicosis en personas con diabetes: serie de casos / Laser therapy and topical drug treatment for onychomycosis in people with diabetes: A case-series study

Objetivo: descrever os efeitos da laserterapia de baixa intensidade e do tratamento medicamentoso tópico da onicomicose em pessoas com diabetes. Método: estudo quantitativo, do tipo série de casos. Os participantes foram 21 pessoas com diabetes divididas em dois grupos, sendo o primeiro tratado com laser e o segundo com medicamento tópico no período de outubro de 2020 a agosto de 2021. Os dados foram coletados em histórico e exame clínico das lâminas ungueais e organizados em banco de dados, cuja análise ocorreu por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: identificou-se que no grupo I 30% das lâminas ungueais obtiveram cura clínica e no II 26%. Ao avaliar a resposta satisfatória o grupo I apresentou 63% e o II 53%. Conclusão: o tratamento da onicomicose com laserterapia apresentou maior prevalência de resposta satisfatória e cura clínica do que o tratamento medicamento tópico.

Objective: to describe the effects of low-level laser therapy and of topical drug treatment for onychomycosis in people with diabetes. Method: a qualitative study of the case-series type. The participants were 21 individuals with diabetes divided into two groups, the first treated with laser and the second with topical medication from October 2020 to August 2021. The data were collected in a clinical history and examination of the nail plates and organized in a database, whose analysis took place through descriptive statistics. Results: it was identified that 30% and 26% of the nail plates attained clinical cure in groups I and II, respectively. When assessing the satisfactory response, groups I and II presented 63% and 53%, respectively. Conclusion: the onychomycosis treatment with laser therapy presented higher prevalence of satisfactory response and clinical cure than the topical drug treatment.

Objetivo: describir los efectos de la Terapia Láser de Baja Intensidad y del tratamiento con medicamento tópico para la onicomicosis en personas con diabetes. Método: estudio cuantitativo del tipo serie de casos. Los participantes fueron 21 personas con diabetes divididas en dos grupos: el primero tratado con láser y el segundo con un medicamento tópico entre octubre de 2020 y agosto de 2021. Los datos se recolectaron de las historias y los exámenes clínicos de las placas ungueales y se los organizó en una base de datos, cuyo análisis se realizó por medio de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se identificó que el 30% y el 26% de las placas ungueales alcanzaron cura clínica en los grupos I y II, respectivamente. Al evaluar la respuesta satisfactoria, los grupos I y II presentaron 63% y 53%. Conclusión: el tratamiento de la onicomicosis con terapia láser presentó mayor prevalencia de respuestas satisfactoria y cura clínica que el tratamiento con predicamento tópico.

Selective photodynamic effects on cervical adenocarcinoma cells provided by F127 Pluronic®-based micelles modulating hypericin delivery

Abstract Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among women. The endocervical adenocarcinoma (ECA) represents an aggressive and metastatic type of cancer with no effective treatment options currently available. We evaluated the antitumoral and anti-migratory effects of hypericin (HYP) encapsulated on Pluronic F127 (F127/HYP) photodynamic therapy (PDT) against a human cell line derived from invasive cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) compared to a human epithelial cell line (HaCaT). The phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of F127/HYP were evaluated by the following assays: colorimetric assay, MTT, cellular morphological changes by microscopy and long-term cytotoxicity by clonogenic assay. In addition, we performed fluorescence microscopy to analyze cell uptake and subcellular distribution of F127/HYP, cell death pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The PDT mechanism was determined with sodium azide and D-mannitol and cell migration by wound-healing assay. The treatment with F127/HYP promoted a phototoxic result in the HeLa cells in a dose-dependent and selective form. Internalization of F127/HYP was observed mainly in the mitochondria, causing cell death by necrosis and ROS production especially by the type II PDT mechanism. Furthermore, F127/HYP reduced the long-term proliferation and migration capacity of HeLa cells. Overall, our results indicate a potentially application of F127/HYP micelles as a novel approach for PDT with HYP delivery to more specifically treat ECA.

Terapia fotodinámica antimicrobiana sobre Candida albicans en superficies acrílicas de prótesis dentales. Estudio in vitro / Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on Candida albicans on acrylic surfaces of dental prostheses. In vitro study

Frecuentemente, se hayan especies del género Candida en la microbiota oral de los humanos. Objetivo: comparar la efectividad antimicrobiana de la terapia fotodinámica sobre las cepas de Candida albicans en superficies acrílicas para prótesis dentales, empleando láser con 660nm de longitud de onda y azul de metileno como agente fotosensibilizador, con respecto a otros métodos terapéuticos. Metodología: estudio in vitro, empleando 60 discos de acrílico de termocurado sumergidos en una suspensión de C. albicans, generando una simulación de biofilm sobre la superficie de una prótesis dental. Luego se conformaron cinco grupos al azar de 12 unidades a los que se aplicó diferentes procedimientos terapéuticos: G1 (suero fisiológico), G2 (clorhexidi-na al 0,12%), G3 (nistatina en solución tópica en 0,001ml/ul), G4 (azul de metileno al 0,005% + láser diodo con λ=660nm, 100mW, 32J/cm2) y G5 (azul de metileno 0,01% + láser diodo con λ=660nm, 100mW, 321J/cm2). Resultados: Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa al comparar los grupos G4 y G5 con respecto a los G1 y G3 (p<0,05). Conclusión: la eficacia en la reducción del número de UFC viables de C. albicans resultó superior en los grupos donde se empleó radiación láser con una longitud de onda de 660nm con diferentes concentraciones de azul de metileno. El uso de nistatina y de suero fisiológico tuvieron los menores valores de eficacia.

Species of the genus Candida are frequently found in the oral microbiota of humans. Objective: to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on Candida albicansstrains on acrylic surfaces for dental prostheses by using a 660nm wavelength laser and methyle-ne blue as a photosensitizing agent, with respect to other therapeutic methods. Methodology: in vitro study, using 60 thermosetting acrylic discs immersed in a suspension of C. albicans, gene-rating a biofilm simulation on the surface of a dental prosthesis. After that, five random groups of 12 units were formed to apply them different therapeutic procedures: G1 (saline solution), G2 (chlorhexidine 0.12%), G3 (nystatin in topical solution at 0.001ml/ul), G4 (0.005% methylene blue + diode laser with λ=660nm, 100mW, 32J/cm2) and G5 (0.01% methylene blue + diode laser with λ=660nm, 100mW, 321J/cm2). Results: a statistically significant difference was observed when comparing groups G4 and G5 with respect to G1 and G3 (p<0.05). Conclusion: the efficacy in reducing the number of viable C. albicans CFU was higher in the groups where laser radiation with a wavelength of 660nm was used with different concentrations of methylene blue. The use of nystatin and physiological saline had the lowest efficacy values

Effects of Photodynamic Therapy with Laser Photobiomodulation as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing: Systematic Review / Efeitos da Terapia Fotodinâmica com Fotobiomodulação Laser Adjuvante a Raspagem e Alisamento Radicular: Revisão Sistemática

Scaling and root planing is the gold standard procedure in the periodontal disease treatment. Although this therapy has the ability to reduce or eliminate periodontopathogens mthrough periodontal instrumentation, sometimes the response to treatment may not promote the complete eradication of pathogens, affecting the healing process and leading to the presence of residual periodontal pockets. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of photodinamic therapy with laser photobiomodulation and as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (having as a conductive agent a fiber optic tip radiating inside the periodontal pocket), compared to scaling and root planing alone in patients with periodontitis on randomized trials. This systematic review was carried out complying with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses. The databases used were Pubmed, Lilacs, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - Odontologia and Medline. "Periodontal Disease" OR "Periodontal Treatment" AND m"Photodinamic Theraphy" were the descriptors used. A total of five articles were included. Two studies have shown superior results in relation to the referred association; a study indicated benefits in biochemical and/or microbiological aspects; it suggests, however, that clinical relevance needs to be better evaluated; two studies did not reveal benefits that categorize photodynamic therapy + scaling and root planning as superior to conventional treatment. The association in question, when well standardized and performed, can result in promising responses in the control of periodontal disease; however, the clinical benefits that demonstrate its superiority will certainly be subject to new researches. (AU)

A raspagem e alisamento radicular é o procedimento padrão-ouro no tratamento da doença periodontal. Embora essa terapia seja capaz de reduzir ou eliminar os periodontopatógenos por meio da instrumentação periodontal, algumas vezes a resposta ao tratamento pode não promover completa erradicação dos patógenos, afetando assim, o processo de cicatrização e levando à presença de bolsas periodontais residuais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a eficácia da terapia fotodinâmica com fotobiomodulação laser adjuvante a raspagem e alisamento radicular (tendo como agente condutor uma ponta de fibra óptica que irradia o interior da bolsa periodontal), em comparação com a raspagem e alisamento radicular isoladamente em pacientes com periodontite, avaliados em estudos clínicos randomizados. Esta revisão sistemática foi realizada de acordo com as recomendações Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões sistemáticas e Meta-análises. As bases de dados utilizadas foram Pubmed, Lilacs, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - Odontologia e Medline. "Doença periodontal" OR "Tratamento periodontal" AND "Terapia fotodinâmica" foram os descritores utilizados. Um total de cinco artigos foram incluídos. Dois estudos mostraram resultados superiores em relação à referida associação; um estudo indicou benefícios nos aspectos bioquímicos e/ou microbiológicos; sugere, no entanto, que a relevância clínica precisa ser melhor avaliada; dois estudos não revelaram benefícios que categorizassem a terapia fotodinâmica + raspagem e alisamento radicular como superiores ao tratamento convencional. A associação em questão, quando bem padronizada e realizada, pode resultar em respostas promissoras no controle da doença periodontal; entretanto, os benefícios clínicos que demonstram sua superioridade certamente serão alvo de novas pesquisas. (AU)

Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Type 1 Virus Infection / Terapia Fotodinâmica no Tratamento de Infecção pelo Vírus Herpes Simples Tipo 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is primarily responsible for the development of painful mucocutaneous viral lesions in the head and neck region. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) consists of the use of a photosensitizing chemical substance, which interacts with an appropriate light source under the presence of oxygen, with consequent destruction or microorganisms' inactivation . The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use of aPDT in the treatment of HSV-1, as well as to identify and characterize the main photosensitizing agents used in this technique. This was a narrative literature review, based on the research of scientific articles carried out in the PubMed database, from February to June 2021, using the crossing of the descriptors Decs/Mesh "photodynamic therapy" and "viral infection"; "photodynamic therapy" and "herpes virus". According to the established criteria, a total of 27 articles published in the last 20 years were included. The results demonstrate that despite the scarcity of studies involving aPDT in herpetic lesions, a single application of this therapy and with different protocols improved the clinical appearance and associated symptoms. Thus, antiviral PDT has been shown to be effective in in vitro and in vivo studies, regardless of the dye used. However, more controlled clinical trials need to be carried out in order to establish the real effectiveness of this therapeutic resource in viral infections. (AU)

O vírus herpes simples tipo 1 (HSV-1) é o principal responsável pelo desenvolvimento de lesões virais dolorosas mucocutâneas em região de cabeça e pescoço. A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (aPDT), por sua vez, consiste no uso de uma substância química fotossensibilizadora, que interage com uma fonte de luz apropriada sob a presença de oxigênio, com consequente destruição ou inativação de microrganismos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da aPDT no tratamento de HSV-1, bem como identificar e caracterizar os principais agentes fotossensibilizadores utilizados nessa técnica. Tratou-se de revisão narrativa de literatura, com base na pesquisa de artigos científicos realizada na base de dados PubMed, de fevereiro a junho de 2021, utilizando o cruzamento dos descritores Decs/Mesh "photodinamic therapy" and "viral infection"; "photodynamic therapy" and "herpes virus". De acordo com os critérios estabelecidos, um total de 27 artigos publicados nos últimos 20 anos foram incluídos. Os resultados demonstram que apesar da escassez de estudos que envolvam a aPDT em lesões herpéticas, uma única aplicação desta terapia e com diferentes protocolos promoveu melhora do aspecto clínico e dos sintomas associados. Desta maneira, a PDT antiviral demonstrou ser efetiva em estudos in vitro e in vivo, independente do corante adotado. Entretanto, mais ensaios clínicos controlados precisam ser realizados com o objetivo de se estabelecer a real eficácia deste recurso terapêutico em infecções virais. (AU)

Killing effects in vitro of a new photosensitizer black titanium dioxide-mediated photodynamics on prostate cancer cells / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the killing effects in vitro of a new photosensitizer black titanium dioxide b-TP-700-mediated photodynamics on prostate cancer cell line PC-3 cells.Methods:The b-TP-700 was successfully prepared by using solid phase in situ thermal reduction method. PC-3 cells were treated with 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1 000 μg/ml b-TP-700 for 12, 24, 48 h. The cell activity was detected by using CCK-8 method, and the morphology of PC-3 cells was observed by using confocal fluorescence microscope, the toxicity of b-TP-700 to PC-3 cells was also judged. PC-3 cells were treated with different concentrations of b-TP-700 (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 μg/ml) and irradiated with laser (1 W/cm, 808 nm) for 1, 3, 5, 7 min. The cell activity was detected by using CCK-8 method. The production of reactive oxygen species in PC-3 cells cultured in 250 μg/ml b-TP-700 after laser irradiation for 5 min was detected by using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The non-laser irradiation cells were selected as the control group.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in cell activity of PC-3 cells treated with different concentrations of b-TP-700 for the same time ( F value was 1.26, 0.39 and 0.37, respectively; all P > 0.05). PC-3 cells were treated with 1 000 μg/ml b-TP-700 for 24 h, no obvious morphological changes and no obvious dead cells were observed under fluorescence microscope. When PC-3 cells were treated with the same concentration of b-TP-700, the activity of PC-3 cells was decreased with the extension of laser excitation time. Under the same laser excitation time, the activity of PC-3 cells was decreased with the increase of b-TP-700 concentration (all P < 0.05). Under laser irradiation, obvious green fluorescence could be detected in the PC-3 cells treated with 250 μg/ml b-TP-700, while almost no green fluorescence could be observed in the control group. Conclusions:A new photosensitizer b-TP-700 has the good reactive oxygen generation ability. b-TP-700-mediated photodynamics show obvious killing effects on prostate cancer PC-3 cells in vitro, which is expected to be a new method for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Effect of different incubation time of aminolevulinic acid on photodynamic inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of different incubation time of aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on photodynamic inhibition of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms. Methods:Propionibacterium acnes biofilms were formed in 24-well plates with pre-placed cell slides and 96-well plates. The formation of the biofilm structure was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) , and the growth activity of the biofilm was assessed by the tetrazolium salt XTT assay. The in vitro successfully constructed biofilm models were divided into 6 groups: negative control group receiving neither ALA treatment nor LED radiation, ALA group incubated with ALA alone for 30 minutes, LED group receiving LED radiation alone, ALA-PDT1 group, ALA-PDT2 group and ALA-PDT3 group incubated with ALA for 15, 30 and 60 minutes respectively followed by LED radiation. After the treatment, CLSM was performed to observe the biofilm structure, as well as to determine the dead/living bacteria ratio, and XTT assay to assess the growth activity of the biofilm. Differences among groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference- t test. Results:CLSM showed that the Propionibacterium acnes biofilm model was successfully constructed in vitro. The dead/living bacteria ratios were 0.90 ± 0.16, 1.75 ± 0.19, and 2.57 ± 0.32 in the ALA-PDT1 group, ALA-PDT2 group and ALA-PDT3 group respectively, which were significantly higher than the dead/living bacteria ratio in the negative control group (0.31 ± 0.01; t= 55.56, 138.62, 74.64, respectively, all P<0.001) ; the biofilm viability value was significantly lower in the ALA-PDT1 group, ALA-PDT2 group and ALA-PDT3 group (0.35 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.02, 0.18 ± 0.01, respectively) than in the negative control group (0.43 ± 0.00; t= 35.66, 2.64, 110.96, respectively, all P < 0.001) . CLSM showed that the structure of the Propionibacterium acnes biofilm was destroyed under the action of ALA-PDT, and the destruction was aggravated with the prolongation of incubation time of ALA. Conclusion:The prolongation of incubation time of ALA can enhance the inhibitory effect of ALA-PDT on Propionibacterium acnes biofilms.

Research progress of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of anal canal condyloma acuminatum / 中国基层医药

Condyloma acuminatum is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus infection. In recent years, the incidence of anal canal condyloma acuminatum is gradually increasing, which seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. At present, various treatment options are available for condyloma acuminatum. There is no method to completely eradicate condyloma acuminatum. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy is a novel approach that uses photosensitizers and light to treat condyloma acuminatum and has been widely used in the clinic. This paper reviews the underlying action mechanism of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy and the clinical research progress of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of anal canal condyloma acuminatum.

Progress of tumor treating fields for glioma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Glioma is a common primary malignant brain neoplasms which is characterized with easy recurrence and poor prognosis. The overall survival of glioma patients is not satisfying. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is an emerging low-toxicity treatment for solid neoplasms, and its technical basis is to form an anti-tumor electric field in a specific area. TTFields can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells through inhibiting cell mitosis, replicating stress, inducing autophagy and apoptosis, and inhibiting DNA damage and repair, and induce the cell death without affecting normal cells in the resting phase. At present, TTFields has been approved for various types of gliomas and is gradually becoming an effective treatment protocol for glioma following surgery, radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Many preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed that TTFields inhibits glioma cells and significantly increases the overall survival rates of patients.This paper reviews the progress of related researches.